In order to reveal the correlation between microbial diversity and the pollution degrees of the source water in a reservoir in Guangdong Province, for better understanding the ecological functions of this region, the environmental factors and microbial community were analyzed based on the characterization of the data from six sampling sites. The microbial diversity of different points was analysed, using PCR amplification technology and T-RFLP technology. Generally, the physical and chemical properties of each sampling point in the interstitial water in the reservoir showed obvious difference. Different forms of nitrogen concentrations and organic carbon concentrations in the reservoir were lower than those of the external diversion and the tributary. The concentrations of the enviromental factors were in the orders of wet season>dry season>normal season. The result showed that bacterial community structures varied considerably between the upstream and the downstream. The source water behaved the higher level of bacterial community diversity and richer degree in dry season than that in normal season and wet season. The dominant bacteria were Family1_uncultured, Bacteroidetes_uncultured, Sphingobacteriales_uncultured, Anaerolineaceae in normal season, Peptostreptococcaceae_incertae_sedis, Anaerolineaceae, SC-I-84, Xanthomonadales, and Clostridium in wet season, Rhodocyclaceae, Fusobacteriales, BSV26_norank, Comamonadaceae, Anaerolineaceae in dry season. Bacterial diversity was rich in the sediments in the reservoir. Correlation analysis showed that the microbial community structure was different at different sites, effected by environmental factors, among which the effects of different forms of nitrogen concentration were most obvious.

19 fungus were isolated from two different soil environments and a comparative analysis of their heavy metal tolerance was conducted. Among them, 18 fungus, i.e. Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., were isolated respectively from the contaminated soil of Shuikoushan nonferrous metals mine in Hunan Province; 2 fungus, identified as Aspergillus niger., were isolated from non-contaminated soil in green land located in Langfang Economic Development Zone. Fungus isolated from the contaminated soil and noncontaminated green land as well as those reported previously are compared in terms of their heavy metal resistance characterized with the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). As results, mechanism of fungal resistance of high concentrations of heavy metals was revealed. The fungus of heavy metal resistance primarily relies on the sites of their isolation, metal species, fungi species and metal speciation. Considering their high heavy-metal tolerance, e.g. MICs 144 mmol/L for Pb(Ⅱ), 36 mmol/L for Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ), and 72 mmol/L for As(Ⅲ), the isolated fungus perform excellent and thus have higher potential for soil restoration.

To explore a new route of high value utilization about the waste biomass resources of current environmental pollution, to expand the source of new microbial strains for drugs screening, the antitumor activity of secondary metabolites of the fungus P. lanosum NT-121 was researched as an example. Three bioactive metabolites produced by P. lanosum NT-121 were isolated by a bioassay-guided separation procedure using liquid-liquid extraction, column chromatography and recrystallization methods. The structures of these compounds obtained were identified as 5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (1), quercetin (2) and terrain (3) through spectroscopic methods and comparing with the related references. The antitumor activity of compound 1, 2 and 3 was assayed by the MTT method using K562 cells and they inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells with the IC₅₀ values of 45.8 μg/ mL, 563.8 μg/ mL and 6.5 μg/ mL, respectively. The compounds isolated have not been found in the metabolites of P. lanosum so far and compound 1 and 3 could inhibit K562 cells.